Proof of Humanity

GG everybody. Welcome to what's going to be another great DevNTell. So if you didn't know, DevNTell is a 30 minute window for members of the DAO to showcase something they're passionate about or been working on. This can be an awesome project you've been working on, demonstrating unit testing, best practices, automation goodies, smart contracts, how to structure a project, etc. Basically if you've got a passion for something, this is your opportunity to share with the community. And today I am happy to introduce to you Emmett Childs who is going to be giving us a overview of Proof of Humanity. Take it away, Emmett.

All right. So I'm Emmett, head of developer relations for Kleros and Proof of Humanity is one of our newer products and also one of our most ambitious. So I've been working or contributing to it specifically on like the integration side, awareness, outreach and everything. Yeah, pretty excited to show you where we are, where we're going. I'm going to go through a bunch of stuff. All these tabs you see here will eventually be relevant. We'll go through a bit of slides, not too many. And we're going to do a quick smart contract test as well towards the end and if you stick around till the end, I'll be showing you how the attendees here could be able to get free Proof of Humanity profiles. But all right, let's get started.

So Proof of Humanity is a curated list of humans, so a Sybil-resistant list of humans basically. And the way we're able to achieve that is through dispute resolution using Kleros and a request-challenger model, which I'll be going over in these slides. So these slides are pretty long, but just to get to the gist of it, we use an optimistic request-challenger model. So what that means is in order to be curated into the list of humans, you submit your profile, there's a challenge period of 3.5 days. If no one challenges you within that period, you're automatically added to the list and assumed to be a legitimate human. If you are challenged, then it goes into the dispute resolution process and once a verdict is out, either side would be able to raise an appeal if there's any fishy stuff going on with the dispute resolution process and the voters in the first round. Appeals are always possible thus escalating what we call a Schelling point game at Kleros. I can answer some questions about the court system during the Q&A part, but for now let's stick to Proof of Humanity. So what if I'm challenged? Yeah, so here a dispute will be created in Kleros court. You can provide evidence on your side, the challenger can also provide evidence on their side.

Challenge a profile in the pending registration phase. So I'll be showing you this on the UI as well of how to like filter and how to inspect different profiles to see if they're compliant. And yeah, so there's a challenge period 3.5 days anytime within that period someone can put down a challenge deposit.

So there are bunch of deposits associated with the whole with Proof of Humanity, the registry. So in order to get in or to submit your profile, there's a deposit of 0.125 ETH and there was also this changing soon, there was a governance proposal to lower this to 0.055 and there's also an associated arbitration fee that goes to pays out the jurors from the Kleros court that are drawn in for cases and there's a challenge deposit for anyone looking to challenge you just to make sure that there's no griefing that happens because otherwise anyone would just be able to arbitrarily challenge but bit of game theory to it, if the deposit is high enough then there's an incentive to challenge properly and on the side of the person that's getting challenged, if they're able to defend themselves then they get to keep the challenge deposit of the challenger basically.

So yeah, disputes are raised Kleros court, jurors will be drawn. So this is a quick flowchart on the optimistic request challenger flow. So you submit your profile, you enter a vouching phase. Here's where you can do one of two things. You can either fund your deposit immediately or you can get into crowdfunding, which is a hint, that's how it's possible to get some free Proof of Humanity profiles, more on that later. Vouching. So this is where the web of trust comes in where in order to get into the registry you need to know someone in the space or personally who can vouch for you as a real human. You can do the same and so on and so forth until it's these small clusters within the registry of people that know each other, people that are vouching for each other. So yeah, challenge appeal, this is more of the court stuff. Let's go into the UI for a bit.

How Proof of Humanity, how we prove humanity to put simply is through reverse reverse Turing test, which is just like a fancy way of saying CAPTCHAs like proving that you're not a robot. So let's take a see an example from the man himself. Vitalik Buterin: I certify that I am a real human and that I am not already registered in this registry. So here we can see a bunch of requirements that are met. You can see that he's he's saying the phrase that's required to get in. He's holding a copy of his wallet address that matches the one you registered with. He has one one voucher who's also a human and his deposit is 100% paid. And since he while we're on the topic, since he's in the registry, he's been accruing some UBI.

So UBI is and that brings us to this blog post, the first integration of Proof of Humanity, first major integration where I mean because UBI without Sybil-resistance is pretty much destined to fail from the start if a bunch of people can just like make profiles and start claiming UBI tokens. The incentive model there would be to make a bunch of fake profiles and flood the registry to get as much UBI as you can. So that was the first major integration. Now we're going to go through a bunch of the use cases. DAO frameworks. So another thing that Proof of Humanity was quick to adopt like right after it was developed, we spun it off into into its own DAO and in that DAO it incorporates a one person one vote governance system. Not ideal, but more on that later if anyone has questions on that.

Better funding mechanisms. If anyone watching now has been on Gitcoin lately, you'll know that here round 15 of Gitcoin grants is live and we're this is already a live integration with Gitcoin and Proof of Humanity into the what they call the Gitcoin Passport. And so what that is is the way to get the maximum trust score and the best possible matching on your quadratic funding contributions is to get registered on Proof of Humanity. It'll bump your trust score all the way to the max and yeah.

So let's see a bit here. Shout out Eden Protocol, they're currently doing some funding round now if anyone wants to get registered this will be going on for quite some time along with ours, we have one as well, the DAO has one as well. So if anyone is interested in like getting a Gitcoin Passport, it'll take you 3.5 four-ish days to get registered on Proof of Humanity, set that all up and you'll be able to get the best possible matching on however much you contribute. So yeah, shout out these two projects currently in funding. Another simple one of the more simple use cases is Sybil-resistant allow listing and airdrops where this is the second NFT collection, Depressed Citizens, to be incorporating Proof of Humanity to do their airdrops and allow list in in a more fair way.

So yeah, this is about it. You set up an interface that is able to interact with Proof of Humanity. You call the is registered function and it's just like any other ownership modifier. Plug it in and this this function here will only be callable by a real human. Simple interface as well. Yep, simple simple test case. So yeah, that's about it for the for the integration side, at least on the getting started. I do have a more complex document over here which is like a technical integration doc. It goes over how you can query like the subgraph and everything to get to consume the data like on a bigger scale or alternatively, you saw the interaction with it on with is registered function through smart contract. Same can be done with like your script, ethers.js or whatever framework you're working with just yeah, you can run on node backend, you can run on like frontends as long as you're able to access this function you can pretty much add a Sybil-proof login to just about any application.

Proof of Humanity v2, this one's what I'm most excited about. Most of the version 1 use cases have been tackled, the one person one vote, quadratic funding. But what I'm excited for for v2 is soulbound IDs. So the way it works now is one human, one address and that's it. So back and forth a human's forever linked to one address. Some of the pain points in the v1 system is like human error, what if someone just loses access to their account, then they're going to have to re-register. It's a headache. Where in v2, there's going to be a soulbound what we call humanity ID, which is generated from a wallet address. So same as here, you register an address but then an extra step is that it generates a unique and we can see this in the v2 UI. It generates a unique humanity ID. So if I lose this account for example, all I'd have to do is basically like prove that it's pointing to this one, have this one removed and then and then point a new address to this same one that I had been registered to. And why this is really exciting is because this opens up the use case, I'd argue an almost never before seen use case, which is social recovery of wallet addresses and assets pertaining to them. Since this is a pointer it could a soulbound ID, I'm sorry, you can basically keep track of and recover your any reputation scores, any assets, tokens, anything associated with whatever you the soulbound ID is.

And another neat feature of v2 is multi-chain. So each registrant will be on a unique home chain. So you can register on Gnosis for example and then from there if you choose that as your home chain with v2 you'll be able to just transfer that pretty arbitrarily to pretty trivially I mean to mainnet for example and vice versa. A lot of stuff is the same, the vouching, the proving your I mean your video and everything.

Good choice though, good choice.

I got you. And yeah, so I guess we can go to how you can get one for free or potentially get one for free. We're currently running a crowdfunding campaign until October 31. So all you need to do is retweet the campaign announcement, complete the Proof of Humanity onboarding guide, this is another campaign we're running, join the Kleros Discord server, follow Proof of Humanity on Twitter. And once you prove ownership of this to I mean it's a little bit centralized you could say now we're going through users that submit proof of ownership of of this token and yeah from there pretty much the Kleros cooperative will be the ones to fund your accounts and you can essentially get it for free. Anyone who's here now I can put in a word to the cooperative that like okay anyone here's a like a real person pretty much I think we're all real people unless there's some robots. But but yeah, that's about it. One last one last real quick some of the quickly go over some of the other integrations we're already working on like a reputation thing with EtherScore on the social media side we're in the process of integrating with Lens Protocol and Lenster built on top of Lens. A bunch of other IDs apart from like the Gitcoin Passport is integrating of course UBI and this isn't just UBI as in this one this one project, any UBI token, any UBI project can exist basically with Proof of Humanity as the Sybil-resistant layer. But yeah that's about it. Let's move on to questions now. Stop sharing screen.

Yeah, this is awesome man. So one thing at least that popped into my mind as you were speaking through this. So we all know Twitter has a really bad bot problem. So you can imagine if one day they moved their or if they add like a KYC kind of layer before signups, you can imagine them possibly using something like this to flush out all the all the bots that pretty much come in or like any KYC process if they want to move like completely on chain. This seems appropriate. Have you guys been thinking about that or?

No, definitely. That's why apart from v2, which is coming out now, the end game for Proof of Humanity is to be fully compatible and able to support KYC systems but while preserving the privacy of users. So for the past for quite a while we've been researching ZK proofs and different ways of doing that. Gas efficient ways of doing that which there aren't many at the moment. But yeah, that's the end goal, to be able to use Proof of Humanity as sort of KYC layer in just about any app, be able to prove just about anything about your humanity while preserving your privacy. So right now there's a bit of yeah, as you could see from the UI, there's a bit of doxxing that goes on like you need to speak into the camera, show your face, although your real name isn't required. I mean there I know do know a lot of people that aren't comfortable at all with any sort of doxxing. So yeah, that's something we're working towards as well.

Really cool man. Awesome. Any questions from the crowd? Also if you can't speak, please do type in developers-voice and I can ask on your behalf as well.

I guess while we wait for Brian to type out his question, how can okay so we're in Developer DAO, right? So we're all builders and dreamers, right? If folks want to hop on and and help continue out the building of Proof of Humanity, is there a way for them to do it in an open source manner or are you guys hiring? Can you speak a little bit about that?

Yeah, so bunch of ways. Currently we're in a bit in a weird sort of limbo because we're trying to sprint out Proof of Humanity v2 along with Kleros v2. So for the meantime both of those protocols are open source along with all our other repos. But for the meantime while we're sprinting those out, it's a bit closed, but that is a nice it's not closed source, we're just like not too it's not a first priority to like take on contributors. But that does segue into something else, a big project that I've been working on pretty much since I've joined which is a dedicated contributors program. So in the meantime, like I said, this won't be launching anytime, oh, kind of soon barring like any delays in v2. You'll be able to onboard if anyone wants to get onboarded in advance. We'll have some dev dev work for you guys to work on, yeah, completely incentivized through a bunch of different apps, Feature.sh, OpenQ, we're still iterating on that. But yeah, open source contributions are of course welcome. Even in this stage there may just be a bit more like negotiations and stuff to get yourself assigned to an issue. I can send some links as well that blurb I was talking about. From here pretty much you'll be able to find everything else you need. And just to quick a quick note on this, for the quickest updates on Proof of Humanity v2 and like everything Kleros and decentralized arbitration, best place to reach us is actually through Telegram. I know this is probably not everyone super thrilled to hear this, a lot of are Discord users, but I mean it is what it is, it's worked better for us in our experience so yeah.

Dope. I guess coming back like what kind of brought you into Developer DAO? I realize we didn't get to get to this question in the chaos of us figuring out our screen share but maybe you want to kind of share what brought you into into the community here.

Awesome, so it all started from my panel interview actually to get into Kleros. So I was like put on the spot the the tech lead pretty much just asked me: All right, so this is a panel interview, we have one question, what are you going to be doing for the next the next year? And then so I had to brainstorm on the spot and I was like: You know what, developer experience is all about well getting developers involved, making contributions as seamless and as rewarding as possible. And I feel like the best place to start would be Developer DAO since it's like such a vibrant community, it's been popping off ever since it launched basically. And so I hit up Nader on Twitter, got like a free mint basically and yeah been pretty active ever since. First thing I took on was the mentorship program and after that I started contributing to Eden as well and yeah, the rest is history.

Wow, that's awesome man, so they basically were like: Okay, tell us what you're going to do for the whole year, if you say the right words we'll give you a job. Sweet.

Yeah, pretty much.

Good stuff. We have about six minutes left booked. Gang, is there any questions from the crowd you'd like to ask Emmett about Proof of Humanity, Kleros, anything of the sort? I'd love to hear more about Kleros, I don't know much about it.

All right, elevator version or like convoluted version? All right, try to meet in the middle. So Kleros is a dispute resolution protocol that basically game theory is king in Kleros. We believe that if the economic incentives are right, you can have a structured arbitration system completely decentralized without needing to prove any credentials or show any identity. So the way that works there's the main Kleros court and then it's divided into a bunch of different subcourts. Users can stake the native PNK, Kleros token into any subcourts that correspond with their skills. So let's say you could stake into the blockchain development subcourt, you could stake into a marketing subcourt. And so there's no no verifications or stuff that goes through that. This is where the magic of game theory comes into play. You once you stake into a subcourt you're eligible to both win rewards from successful arbitration and you're also at risk of getting slashed, getting like a decent chunk of your stake slashed. So if like I'm skilled in blockchain for example, I'm not going to stake in the video editing subcourt because if I do I'm just griefing myself basically. I'm going to be not know what's going on in disputes that arise in like video editing for example. So the longer I stay there the more money I lose. The longer I stay in a subcourt that I'm skilled at, the more I stand to gain in the long term of course not financial advice but you can see how that plays in. And so arbitration, one of the first few questions I get is how what if you just vote with the majority basically and like game or what if you get bribed and stuff? That's where the appeal thing that appeal system that I mentioned earlier in the flowchart comes in. So yeah, you could pretty much just vote with the majority on the first round, but if you do that then you're at first you're at risk of losing your stake if an appeal comes in and yes if an appeal comes in you're not a part of the next round. So you could vote maliciously in one round, someone makes an appeal and a new set of jurors are drawn at random. So we do have like sortition for this to make sure it's always random and a larger set of jurors. So let's say a case starts out three jurors, they all get bribed and vote maliciously, the victim makes an appeal, all of those guys are are out, a new set of jurors are drawn and more, so from three it goes to like six for example and so on.

Oh thank you, yeah that sounds pretty cool. Interesting, yeah for sure. Any last questions here? We're almost about time, about two minutes left. One quick question about sign up, so is the normal process you have to find fellow human beings to to prove that you're human? Is that the yeah, yeah, that's like some that's a work in progress kind of problem because like yeah you pretty much do need to to get into some communities for example like let's say in the Kleros Discord there's a Proof of Humanity like get to know each other channel where if you stay there long enough chat with a bunch of people you're more than likely to find someone to vouch for you. But yeah, apart from that you do need to find someone you do need to be a bit outgoing if you want to get vouched for which I understand isn't not everyone's comfortable with doing that but yeah it's another thing we're noting we don't I don't think we have a Proof of Humanity channel at the DAO do we? I don't think so. No no I didn't say did I say Developer DAO sorry I meant I meant the Kleros. No I meant just um that might be a good way to get people chatting at the at the DAO to prove each other humans. Oh I mean yeah that would be pretty cool I mean people that join Developer DAO are usually pretty active after like a month or two they know a bunch of people and yeah vouching would be pretty straightforward from there. And crowdfunding as well if ever there are any initiatives. That's one good thing about integrations with Proof of Humanity if you want to like give back in a sense and like so you integrate with Proof of Humanity for example you run your own crowd crowdfunding program and yeah get the more the merrier. Plus the lower deposit fee which is going to be executed pretty soon. Nice, yeah thank you. All right gang that brings us to time. Emmett, thank you so much for coming on and and grinding through those screen share issues we had earlier on. We we made it work, right? And yeah we're all really looking forward to deep diving a bit further on Proof of Humanity on our end and it looks like a very promising project um and yeah we'll be looking forward to see the developments on that with v2. For sure man, thanks for having me. My pleasure. All right gang I guess with that I want to wish you very happy Friday, a happy weekend and that we will see you back here next week. And uh for the record we have officially officially booked out the rest of 2022 which is absolutely insane. Uh so be on the lookout next week for a giveaway of code uh you'll see more of it likely on Monday but uh till then I will be dropping a link for POAPs for you all to claim in the developer chat. I'll also post it in the general chat just in case it gets lost in the wind. And Emmett, I will give you your special kudos for coming on DevNTell. Yeah, love those. We're actually looking to integrate with them, bit of a spoiler, but yeah. You heard it here first. There you go, there you go. Definitely vouch for it but yeah. Awesome. Cool. All right, thanks everyone for coming, I guess I'll yeah. All right, thank you very much.